I also noted that after a reboot of the ESXi the following commands need to be re-executed in order to allow the pass-through of USB devices again.
Not 100% sure if it might work if I just re-enable the usbarbitrator service to start automatically (-> need to check):
[root@esxi:~] export PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
[root@esxi:~] USBARBITRATOR=/usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-usbarbitrator
[root@esxi:~]
[root@esxi:~] USBARBITRATOR_TAG=usbarbitrator
[root@esxi:~]
[root@esxi:~] USBARBITRATOR_RP="usbArbitrator"
[root@esxi:~]
[root@esxi:~] MAX_RETRIES=5
[root@esxi:~]
[root@esxi:~] PASSTHROUGH_DEV=/vmfs/devices/char/vmkdriver/usbpassthrough
[root@esxi:~] /sbin/watchdog.sh ++memreliable,group=${USBARBITRATOR_RP} -d -s "${USBARBITRATOR_TAG}" -t "${MAX_RETRIES}"
"${USBARBITRATOR}" -t "${MAXIMUM_SUPPORTED_CLIENTS_PARAM}"
[root@esxi:~] localcli hardware usb passthrough device list
UsbUtil: VmkuserCompat_PClose in UpdateDeviceNamesfailed, reason: Bad file descriptor
Bus Dev VendorId ProductId Enabled Can Connect to VM Name
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 2 76b 3021 true yes OmniKey AG CardMan 3121
1 3 8087 a2a true yes Intel Corp.
1 4 152d 1561 false no (passthrough disabled) JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology
Corp. JMS561U
[root@esxi:~]